Countries – C Colman’s Web Library

Cabo Verde (<Praia>)- Cambodia – Cameroon – Canada – Central African Republic – Chad – Chile – China – Columbia – Comoros – Congo (Brazzaville)- Costa Rica – Côte D’Ivoire – Croatia – Cuba – Cyprus – Czechia (<Congo (Kinshasa/Zaire): refers to Democratic Republic of the Congo>)

Cabo Verde

Cape Verde (English)

CPV

Cape Verde Volcanoes

Wikipedia – List of volcanoes in Cape Verde – Cape Verde “… consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about 4,033 square kilometres (1,557 sq mi).”
USA – Smithsonian Institute – National Museum of Natural History – Global Volcanism Program – Cape Verde

Cape Verde Volcanoes List

Fogo – Brava – Santo Antão – São Vicente

CPV – Pico do Fogo, (Fire peak, Portuguese) Fogo, island, Cape Verde

Last eruption: T02015
Sol_Ert 014°57’09” N, 024°20’20” W
Summit elevation: 2,829 meters
Volcano type: Stratovolcano

Wikipedia – “The mountain’s slopes are used to grow coffee, while its lava is used as building material.”

Copernicus EU 24 February 2025 Fogo, Cape Verde
Wikipedia 2014–15 Fogo eruption

CPV – Brava, Cape Verde

CPV – Santo Antão, Cape Verde

CPV – São Vicente, Cape Verde

Cambodia

KHM

Cambodia Volcanoes

Wikipedia – List of volcanoes in Cambodia
USA – Smithsonian Institute – Global Volcanism Program – Not listed.

Cambodia Volcano List

Zero (0) Active Volcanoes. Sol_Ert_1000a_21_OCT_02023AD

Cameroon

Republic of Cameroon

Republique du Cameroun

CMR

Cameroon Volcanoes

Wikipedia – List of Volcanoes in Cameroon
USA – Smithsonian Institute – National Museum of Natural History – Global Volcanism Program – Cameroon

Cameroon Volcanoes List

CMR – Mount Cameroon – Cameroon Mountain – Fako (the name of the higher of its two peaks) Mongo ma Ndemi (“Mountain of Greatness”) (language? Is this from Ngongo as well? Fire mountain? Where are we? Oh, Near a gongo?)

Last eruption: 02000AD
Sol_Ert 004°13’48″N, 009°11’39″E
Summit elevation: 4,095 meters
Volcano type: Stratovolcano

VolcanoCafe.org Mountain of Greatness – DVP # 7 Carl 03 Jul 2015 (<Note: This was literally a Coffee Shop proposal. Colman>)
YouTube Philip Prince talk on the mass of Mount Cameroon pressing on the underlying mudstone and causing deformation leading to the uplift of the hills East and West 10-15km. Demonstration using sand over honey.
Uni of Mancester Most dangerous Volcanoes No 7 (article_2015)
Wikipedia “A 1922 eruption on the southwestern flank produced a lava flow that reached the Atlantic coast. A lava flow from a 1999 south-flank eruption stopped 200 metres (656 ft) from the sea, cutting the coastal highway.”
IUGS THE QUATERNARY CAMEROON VOLCANO (1909, 1922, 1925, 1954, 1959, 1982, 1999, and 2000).

Canada

CAN

Canada Fires

Canada Volcanoes

Wikipedia – List of Volcanoes in Canada
USA – Smithsonian Institute – National Museum of Natural History – Global Volcanism Program – Canada

Canada Volcanoes List

CAN – Iskut-Unuk River Cones

Canada Weather

Ert_CAN_USA_T02024_NOV_20 Bomb Cyclone

CAN_NationalPost Bomb cyclone in B.C.: Hurricane-force winds slam into province, thousands without power 20 Nov 2024

USA_Newsweek Satellite Images Show Scale of ‘Bomb Cyclone’ Hitting US West Coast 20 Nov 2024

CAN_CoastReporter Bomb cyclone batters B.C. with hurricane-force winds, cutting roads and power 20 Nov 2024

Central African Republic

CAF

Central African Republic Volcanoes

USA – Smithsonian Institute – Global Volcanism Program – Not listed.

Central African Republic Volcano List

Zero (0) Active Volcanoes. Sol_Ert_1000a_21_OCT_02023AD

Chad

TCD

Chad Volcanoes

Wikipedia – List of Volcanoes in Chad
USA – Smithsonian Institute – National Museum of Natural History – Global Volcanism Program – Chad

Chad Volcano List

Zero (0) Active Volcanoes. Sol_Ert_2000z_19_NOV_02023AD

Chile

CHL

Chile Volcanoes

Volcanoes of Chile – John Seach
Wikipedia – List of Volcanoes in Chile
USA – Smithsonian Institute – National Museum of Natural History – Global Volcanism Program – Chile
Volcanoes of Chile – Volcano Discovery

Chile Volcanoes List

CHL – Complejo Volcánico Laguna del Maule

CHL – Volcano Villarrica – Volcán Villarrica – Ruka Pillañ – 2,861 meters

T02024_MAY_12 Instagram Gabriel Muñoz

Video of the lava deep in the caldera from a military helicopter. 1,218 views on 01 Oct 2023 posted 25 Sept 2023

China

CHN

China Volcanoes

Wikipedia – List of Volcanoes in China
USA – Smithsonian Institute – National Museum of Natural History – Global Volcanism Program – China

China Volcano List

CHN – Ashikule Volcanic Field (1951AD)

CHN – Hainan Volcanic Field

Last eruption: 01933AD
Sol_Ert 019°34’20″N, 110°03’25″E
Summit elevation: 4,095 meters
Volcano type: Volcanic field

Wikipedia – “The northern half of Hainan is covered with the ancient Hainan Volcanic Field. Beneath the topsoil is volcanic rock while the topsoil itself contains small pieces of this vesicular rock.”

Taiwan (Not a UN Member), Province of China

TWN

Taiwan Volcanoes

Wikipedia – List of Volcanoes in Taiwan
USA – Smithsonian Institute – National Museum of Natural History – Global Volcanism Program – Taiwan

Taiwan Volcano List

TWN – Kueishantao – 龜山 (Guī shān) – Kueishantao Island – Guieshan Island -“Turtle Mountain Island”

Last eruption: 01853AD – seen from ship.
Sol_Ert 024°50’28″N, 121°57’11.22″E
Summit elevation: 361 meters
Volcano type: Andesite Stratovolcano

Wikipedia – “Head Turning of the Turtle Mountain” (龜山轉頭). Can you check if there is a parallax over two rocks or at a Shinto shrine? on the main island of Taiwan that can tell if the front of Guishan Island (Yilan) moves to the West? This would indicate a friction underneath possibly predicting a future eruption? 龜 Gogira? Wikipedia – “The island is a dormant volcano that last erupted on 1785.” Global Volcanism program “Kueishantao displays vigorous active submarine fumaroles and solfataras that discolor seawater over wide areas.” Wiki – Eh, that’s a really “round” understanding of the word dormant?

Colombia

COL

Columbia Volcanoes

Wikipedia – List of Volcanoes in Colombia
USA – Smithsonian Institute – National Museum of Natural History – Global Volcanism Program – Colombia

Columbia Volcano List

COL – Nevado del Ruiz

Last eruption: T02023
Sol_Ert 004°48’22″N, 075°20’26″W
Summit elevation: 5,279 meters
Volcano type: Stratovolcano

Wikipedia – “129 km (80 mi) west of the capital city Bogotá.” (138km to city centre, Google Earth Pro – Colman 2023_11_19)

Ert_COL_T01985_NOV_13_Vol_VEI_03
Nevado_del_Ruiz

At 3:06 pm, on November 13, 1985, Nevado del Ruiz began to erupt, ejecting dacitic tephra more than 30 km (19 mi) into the atmosphere. The total mass of the erupted material (including magma) was 35 million tonnes—only 3% of the amount that erupted from Mount St. Helens in 1980.

The mass of the ejected sulfur dioxide was about 700,000 tonnes, or about 2% of the mass of the erupted solid material, making the eruption atypically sulfur-rich.

Ert_COL_T01985_NOV_13_Vol_Lahar
Nevado_del_Ruiz – The Armero Tragedy The lahars picked up speed in gullies and engulfed the town of Armero, killing more than 20,000 of its almost 29,000 inhabitants. Previous lahars in T01845_Eqk_Lahar and T01595_Vol_Lahar Note: The volcano had substantial glacier coverage. “Since then the glaciers have retreated further because of atmospheric warming. By 1959, the massif’s glaciated area had dropped to 34 km² (13 sq mi).”

COL – Purace 02022AD

COL – Galeras 02014AD

COL – Nevado del Huila 02012AD

COL – Nevado del Tolima 01943AD

COL – Chiles-Cerro Negro 01936AD

COL – Cumbal 01926AD

COL – Dona Juana 01906AD

COL – Cerro Bravo 01720AD

COL – Machin 01180AD

COL – Azufral 00930AD

COL – Santa Isabel 00850AD

Comoros

COM

Comoros Volcanoes

USA – Smithsonian Institute – National Museum of Natural History – Global Volcanism Program – Comoros

Comoros Volcano List

COM – Karthala , Grand Comore island – Ngazidja (Swahili)

Last eruption: 02007AD
Sol_Ert 011°47’14″S, 043°21’48″E
Summit elevation: 2,361 meters
Volcano type: Shield

Congo

République du Congo (French)
Republic of the Congo (English)
Republíki ya Kongó (Lingala)
Repubilika ya Kôngo (Kituba)

COG

Congo Volcanoes

USA – Smithsonian Institute – Global Volcanism Program – Not listed.

Congo Volcano List

Zero (0) Active Volcanoes. Sol_Ert_1000a_21_OCT_02023AD

Costa Rica

CRI

Costa Rica Volcanoes

Wikipedia – List of Volcanoes in Costa Rica
USA – Smithsonian Institute – National Museum of Natural History – Global Volcanism Program – Costa Rica

Costa Rica Volcano List

CRI – Poás Volcano

Last eruption: 02023AD
Location: 10.20° N, 84.23° W
Summit elevation: 2,708 meters
Volcano type: Stratovolcano

In 1989, the crater lake at Poas gradually drained away. Later, researchers found a pool of liquid sulphur about 6 feet (2 m) in diameter. This was the first observation of a liquid sulphur lake on the surface of the Earth. The sulphur is probably remobilized fumarole deposits. Sulphur volcanoes are active on Jupiter’s moon Io. https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/poas

The Role of Sulfur in Io’s Volcanoes
USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory – California Institute of Technology May 18, 2000

CRI – Arenal Volcano – Volcán Arenal (spanish) – Pan de Azúcar – Canaste – Volcan Costa Rica – Volcan Río Frío – Guatusos Peak

Location: 10.46° N, 84.70° W
Summit elevation: 1,633 m (5,358 ft)
Volcano type: Andesitic, Stratovolcano

Wikipedia – Arenal Volcano – “Geologically, Arenal is considered a young volcano and it is estimated to be less than 7,500 years old.” “In 1968 it erupted unexpectedly, destroying the small town of Tabacón.“