Countries – I Colman’s Web Library

Iceland – India – Indonesia – Iran (Islamic Republic of) – Iraq – Ireland – Israel – Italy (<Ivory Coast: refers to Côte D’Ivoire>)

Iceland

Ísland

ISL

Iceland Volcanoes
Iceland Earthquakes
Iceland
https://www.earthscope.org/news/geophysical-events/
Firms Ver 001
Iceland Weather
Iceland Earthquakes
Ert_ISL_Eqk_M5.4_T02025_10_29_1646Z

Volcano Discovery.com quake-info/22329176/mag5quake-Oct-29-2025-Iceland.html

YouTube Bárðarbunga Volcano Shaking, Magnitude 5.4 Earthquake, Iceland Volcano Eruption, 0.7Km Depth – Dr AstroGeoTech

Earthquakes Today Moderate earthquake, 5.4 mag has occurred near Höfn in Iceland

Iceland Volcanoes

Iceland Volcano Art – Instagram – H0rdur

ISL – FAG – Fagradalsfjall

Last eruption: Current – T02023_DEC_18
Sundhnúkar crater
Sol_Ert 63°53’53″N, 22°23’21.11″W
Summit elevation: Currently active
Volcano type: Volcanic Fissure

ISL Sundhnúksgígar crater row, Reykjanes peninsula

Ert_ISL_T02024_Nov_21_Vol Volcanic eruption

SciTechDaily_T02024_NOV_27 Blue Lagoon in Peril As Iceland’s Volcano Roars to Life By Emily Cassidy, NASA Earth Observatory seen 18 minutes later… better photo than ESA?

IRL_RTENews Iceland volcano erupts for the tenth time in three years Thursday, 21 Nov 2024 06:25 “As magma accumulated underground, authorities had warned of imminent volcanic activity on the Reykjanes peninsula, some 30km south-west of the capital Reykjavik, where the most recent eruption ended only on 6 September.”

EU_EuroNews Iceland Volcano erupts for seventh time in a year but experts say activity has peaked 22 Nov 2024

GBR_BBCNews Plane passengers film Iceland volcano lava from above

Com_Accuweather Iceland volcano erupts for the seventh time in a year from CNN 22 Nov 2024

USA_GlobalNewsCalifornia Iceland volcano erupts for 7th time in a year, sends lava flowing toward Blue Lagoon 22 Nov 2024

Wikipedia – 2023–2024 Sundhnúkur eruptions

Tectonics and seismicity of the Reykjanes Peninsula
ISL_ T02022_SEP Geology diagram

Swarm seismicity illuminates stress transfer prior to the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption in Iceland

Earth and Planetary Science Letters 594(4):117685

September 2022

T02024_SEP_10 Colman’s update from T02023_DEC_20

T02024_SEP_08

Volcanic activity has stopped on Reykjanes Peninsula Visit Iceland .com A new fissure eruption started on Reykjanes Peninsula on August 22, at 9:26 PM by Sundhnúksgígar crater, marking the sixth eruption in the area since December 2023. The eruption has stopped now and no volcanic activity has been detected in the area, as of September 8.

T02024_SEP_06

The eruption North of Stóra-Skógfell is over. The hazard map has been updated 06 September at 16:00 UTC Iceland Meteorological Office

T02024_SEP_06

Latest update: Volcanic activity has resumed on Reykjanes Peninsula A new fissure eruption started on Reykjanes Peninsula on August 22, at 9:26 PM, marking the sixth eruption in the area since December 2023. The eruption’s effects are localized to the eruption site with road closures and do not threaten people. Visit Iceland.com

To quote the Irish Science guy – Dara Ó Briain (wiki) “Really?” Oh, and of The Gin Craze, there were four gin mills in Cork in the 1700s. Atlas of Cork city

T02024_08_27

I see Copernicus is using the same format for their articles as NASA,
a pat on the back to the satelliteers.

Recovering The Satellites

Counting Crows

Colman’s comment – I was going to link the song from Spotify, however you can’t do that yet? T02024_08_07

T02024_JUN_28

Scientists identify main source that could be fueling Iceland’s hotbed of volcanic activity Jacopo Prisco, CNN

T02024_JUN_04

T02024_MAR_17

Iceland violent volcanic flare-up triggers state of emergency Kathryn Armstrong BBC News “A state of emergency has been declared in southern Iceland after another volcanic eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula – the fourth since December.”

Iceland volcano erupts for fourth time in three months – the ‘most powerful so far’ Fountains of orange lava are shooting high into the sky, leaving a bright glow on the horizon – as a geophysicist says this latest eruption is the “most powerful so far”. Sky News

T02024_FEB_10

Is Iceland entering a new volcanic era? Rebecca Morelle and Alison Francis BBC News Science

T02024_FEB_08

T02023_DEC_19_2100Z Iceland RTE News Power of volcanic eruption in Iceland decreasing Updated / Tuesday, 19 Dec 2023 20:03 2 min video, excellent reporting and video.

1315pm 19 December 2023 UK BBC Iceland volcano erupts on Reykjanes peninsula Published 8 minutes ago
  The Video is Awesome
    (wVe hav a bittr 1)

  • Gentle Volcanic Eruption
    VEI One (1)
    Volume of erupted material
    >(greater than) 104 (100,000) meters^3 (cubed).
  • Explosive Volcanic Eruption
    VEI Two (2)
    Volume of erupted material
    >(greater than) 105 (1million) metres^3 (cubed).
  • Severe Volcanic Eruption
    VEI Three (3)
    Volume of erupted material
    > 106metres^3 (10million)
  • Catastrophic Volcanic Eruption
    VEI Four (4)
    Volume of erupted material
    >0.1km^3

Icelandic Monitor Tue 19 Dec 2023 04.00 GMT
The eruption seen from a helicopter
“The estimated length of the fissure opening at Sundhnúkar crater rowis 3.5 kilometers long. It is nearly four times longer than the fissure opening at Litli-Hrútur in July of this year.”
  The Video is Awesome

Updated / Tuesday, 19 Dec 2023 10:35

Wikipedia – Fissure vent Worst case scenario Laki 01783AD https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laki

USA CNN – Volcano erupts on Iceland’s Reykjanes peninsula weeks after town evacuated By Mitchell McCluskey, Taylor Ward and Jessie Yeung, CNN 4 minute read Updated 12:21 AM EST, Tue December 19, 2023

UK SkyNews – Volcano erupts in Iceland after thousands evacuated from town Lava has been emerging from a crack in the earth’s surface which was around 3.5km ( 2 miles) long and had grown rapidly, the Icelandic Meteorological Office said. Tuesday 19 December 2023 03:29, UK

UK The Guardian – Iceland volcano: eruption begins on Reykjanes peninsula after weeks of activity

Irish Independent – Iceland volcano erupts after weeks of earthquake activity Eoghan Moloney and Chandni Shah Yesterday at 23:16

Photo: Thrainn Kolbeinsson.
ISL – BAR – Bárðarbunga
Bárðarbunga Eruption Schmidt et al 2015 and Ilyinskaya et al 2017
  • Wikipedia (Note: Renamed from Holuhraun to Bárðarbunga)
  • Wikipedia Holuhraun Aug 2014 – Feb 2015  Area 85 km2 Volume ≈ 1.6 km3(1880 name of earlier lava flow Kvislarhraun.) Holuhraun is a lava field just north of the Vatnajökull ice cap.
ISL – KAT – Katla – Mýrdalsjökull

T01755_OCT_17 Ert_ISL_Vol_VEI_5

T01721_MAY_11 Ert_ISL_Vol_VEI_5

T01625_SEP_02 Ert_ISL_Vol_VEI_5

T01262 Ert_ISL_Vol_VEI_5

Katla Eruptions – additional info about the museum – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlan – Owned by the city of Reykjavik
ISL – EYJ – Eyjafjallajökull
Eyjafjallajökull Eruption 19 Apr 2010 Photo by Marco Fulle (Stromboli Online)
ISL – KRA – Krafla
ISL – GRV – Grímsvötn

T01783-01784 Ert_ISL_Vol_VEI_4_Gas_SO2_F

The 1783-1784 Islandic Laki Fissure Eruption – Wikipedia

Lakagígar (Laki) is part of a volcanic system centered on the volcano Grímsvötn and including the volcano Þórðarhyrna.

On 8 June 1783, a 25 km-long (15.5 mi) fissure of at least 130 vents opened with phreatomagmatic explosions because of the groundwater interacting with the rising basalt magma.

20-25% of the population of Iceland died.

9,500 Islandic people died.

Lava fountains were estimated to have reached heights of 800 to 1,400 m (2,600 to 4,600 ft). The gases were carried by the convective eruption column to altitudes of about 15 km (50,000 ft). Note: Carrauntwohill is 1,030m high.

The outpouring of gases, including an estimated 8 million tonnes of fluorine and an estimated 120 million tonnes of sulfur dioxide, gave rise to what has since become known as the “Laki haze” across Europe.

Great Britain – It has been estimated that 23,000 British people died from the poisoning. The extreme winter (1783-1784) is estimated to have caused 8,000 additional deaths in the UK. During the spring thaw, Germany and Central Europe reported severe flood damage. This is considered part of a volcanic winter.

ISL – THO – Þórðarhyrna (Thordarhyrna)
ISL – ASK – Askja
ISL – ELD – Eldey
ISL – Viðey
ISL – ESJ – Esjufjöll
ISL – HEK – Helka
ISL – VES – Vestmannaeyjar
ISL – BEE – Beerenberg NOR – Jan Mayen – Beerenberg (Dutch) “Bear Mountain”

India

IND

India Health
India Weather
India Flooding Monsoon

Colman’s comment – From Thermodynamics and Boyle’s Law; as the air above the Indian Ocean heats, moisture rises, the level of humidity increases, making the air denser than the dry air over the continent. From Physics and Meteorology; the level of humidity also increases the ability of the air to absorb radiation, microwave and thermal and the water in the atmosphere heats further adding to it’s ability to carry more moisture per meter cubed and the velocity of the air vertically as it rises due to heat and turbulence and horizontally due to the Earth’s Coriolis effect and the inertia of the mass of the denser humid air. From Boyle’s law and Meteorology, the expansion of the warm air, compared with the cool dry air at altitude, the Himalayas are quite tall, see Everest etc. pushes the dry air Northwards and the warm wet air follows it onto the continent and the rains fall. The long version is that the air rises up over the higher landmass and as altitude and lower air pressures and temperatures are reached the air reaches saturation point and releases it’s moisture in what we call Fog, Mist, Light Rain, Rain, and “I think it’s time to take the washing in dear.”. And in Dem Rep of Congo, the raindrops were so large they hit the ground and then bounced up to hit me in the face, while I was standing, and they fell from such low altitude with low velocity that you could see them fall and one raindrop filled the palm of your hand. And the drains beside the roads in DRC_Goma were one meter deep. T02024_09_11_B01970_Colman_OKeeffe

Ert_IND_T02024_AUG_22_Fld_Monsoon Weather Bee | Does the 2024 monsoon have more rainy days than usual? Hindustan Times “The 2024 monsoon season — it runs from June to September officially — is one of the wettest in India’s recorded history. The rainfall for the June 1-August 20 period is ranked 22nd highest this year since 1901, according to the gridded data of the India Meteorological Department (IMD).”

India Volcanoes List

Zero (0) Active Volcanoes. Sol_Ert_T02023_NOV_12_0200z

Indonesia

IDN

Indonesia Volcano List

Indonesia Health

Indonesia Volcano List

Dukono – Ibu – Semeru – Merapi – Marapi – Lewotobi – Lewotolok – Raung – Ruang – Karangetang – Tombora – Kelud – Samalas

IDN – Bali Island
IDN – Gunung Merapi – Mount Merapi (DecadeVolcano)
IDN – Mount Raung

T02025_10_04 Volcano Discovery 09 Dec 1500z

IDN – Gunung Tambora (Sumbawa) – Mount Tambora – Mount Tomboro
  • Wikipedia Apr 1815  The largest eruption in recorded human history and the largest eruption of the Holocene (10,000BC to present day.).
IDN – Krakatoa – Krakatau
  • Wikipedia Aug 1883 The pressure wave generated by the colossal third explosion radiated out from Krakatoa at 1,086 km/h (675 mph). The eruption is estimated at 180 dB, heard 5,000 kilometres away.  It ruptured eardrums of sailors on RMS Norham Castle of the Castle Line which was hove to off Sumatra,  and caused a spike of more than 8.5 kilopascals in a gas pressure gauge 160km away.
IDN – Gunung Agung

IDN – Kelud – Mount Kelud – Kelut, Kediri, East Java
IDN – Gunung Semeru – Mount Semeru – Semeru

T02025_11_20 GBR BBC Mount Semeru

IDN – Gunung Sinabung – Mount Sinabung
IDN – Sangeang Api
IDN – Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki, a volcano on the Indonesian island of Flores.

EUMetSat This week’s image of the week is of the recent volcanic eruption from Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki on Flores Island, in eastern Indonesia. 13 November 2024

NASA Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki 2023-2024

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewotobi

NASA – An explosive eruption sent a kilometers-high column of volcanic material over Indonesia. Image of the Day for July 8, 2025 Instrument:Suomi NPP — VIIRS

IDN – Karangetang (also known as Api Siau), at the northern end of the island of Siau, Indonesia.
IDN – Mount Ruang

T02024_04_17 GBR The Guardian Indonesia volcano eruption sparks tsunami fears

IDN – Mount Rinjani – (Historical 1257) Vol_Samalas

NASA Firms2 Mount Rinjani

Google Earth Mount Rinjani

Google – Samalas Volcano
(wiki) Mount Rinjani – (wiki) Lake Segara Anak
Eruption (wiki) 1257 Samalas eruption
The 1257 CE cataclysmic eruption of Samalas volcano (Indonesia) revealed by indigenous written sources: Forgotten kingdoms, emergency response, and societal recovery Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research Volume 432, December 2022

Indonesia Health

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

IRN

Iran Health

Iran Volcano List

Iran Health
Iran Volcano List

Zero (0) Active Volcanoes. Sol_Ert_T02023_NOV_12_0200z

One Possible Active Volcano ??? Sol_Ert_T02025_OCT_24_0400a

IRN – Mount Damāvand / Taftan Volcano

Ert_IRN_Vol_T02025_OCT_23  Taftan volcano

T02025_11_04 Earth.com Remote volcano wakes up after 700,000 years of silence Jordan Joseph staff writer

T02025_10_07 Geophysical Research Letters: Volume 52, Issue 19 Spontaneous Transient Summit Uplift at Taftan Volcano (Makran Subduction Arc)

Iraq

IRQ

Iraq Health

Iraq Volcano List

Iraq Health
Iraq Volcano List

Zero (0) Active Volcanoes. Sol_Ert_T002023_NOV_12_0200z

Ireland

  • Éire
  • Republic of Ireland

IRL

Ireland Health

Ireland Weather

Ireland Storms

Ireland Floods

Ireland Fires

Ireland Volcano List

Geohazards

Ireland Maps

Google Earth

Cork County Council – Map alerts

Radiometric and Magnetic maps… only fair… the radiation figures, you’re thinking about… using that thing? Funny… smart gileru, no scientist… math fun, got from person made black hole visuals… yea, nhot samey as that… math EarthScience different… not space and gravity, earth air fire water. all change every day…

Railroad maps 1906 there’s no altitude data… train lines are normally flat…

Ireland Health
https://www.who.int/countries/irl/ – Woops, 2024_SEP_07 The capital city of Ireland is Dublin. The Covid-19 stats are good.
Covid-19 Virus

Wikipedia – Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland

We Fought as One Group.

image by Alexey Solodovnikov Dr of Biological Sciences

Covid-19 Pandemic Ert_IRL_T02020_FEB 
Wikipedia article Republic of Ireland 

“On 27 March (2020), the first stay-at-home order banned all non-essential travel and contact with others. People were made to keep apart in public, and those most at risk were told to cocoon. The Oireachtas passed an emergency act giving the state far-reaching powers to control the virus’s spread, and the Gardaí given powers to enforce the lockdown.” “During 2020 and 2021, the country had one of the world’s lowest excess death rates, which is an overall indicator of the pandemic’s impact, at an estimated 12.5 deaths per 100,000 population.”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland

IrishExaminer T02024_NOV_02 Instagram There have now been 10,072 deaths linked to covid-19 in Ireland, the HSE has said.

2020 – 2021: Years like no other Emergency Medicine in Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic HSE “On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated an outbreak of a novel coronavirus not seen before in humans to be a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” (PHEIC); this was followed by the declaration of a pandemic on March 11, 2020. From the outset, the causative agent was thought to be viral, with most patients reporting fever or dyspnea1. Two years later, in March 2022, Ireland had endured five waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 1,326,946 cases and 6,571 deaths.” Yes, it’s called a “Feic” for a reason. (Gaeilge – Feach – Look, vocative, imperative).

Colman’s Note: Watch “Grabbers (2012)” iMDb excellent movie.

Ert_IRL_T02024_FEB_Disease_Measles First confirmed measles fatality in (of) 2024 By NiGP “The death of an adult with confirmed measles has taken place in a hospital in the Dublin and Midlands Health Region. This is the first confirmed measles case notified in Ireland in 2024.”

https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/health/health-services/children-s-health/vaccinations-for-children/ “Your child will usually be offered the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine when they are 12 months old, followed by a second dose when they are aged 4-5 years old in junior infants.”

Ireland Weather

Ireland Storms

IRL_T02025_JAN_24_Wx Storm Eowyn

IRL_T02024_NOV_23_Wx Storm Bert Flooding

CorkBeo Irish Weather: Pic shows severe flooding in North Cork as towns face Storm Bert aftermath

IRL_T02024_OCT_19_Wx Storm Ashley

TheExaminer Insta Irish Ferries and Stena Line passing by Poolbeg Lighthouse at high tide during Storm Ashley.

Irish Independent Storm Ashley: Yellow wind warning remains in place as 29,000 homes without power; number of flights cancelled

Ireland Floods

reachout-cities.eu Flood risk in Cork city

T02025_NOV_ 06 IRL_CK Cork city

IRL_CK_Midleton_T02023_OCT_17 Storm Babet Flooding

TheExaminer T02024_NOV_02 Instagram The €5.8m scheme was set up to help the owners of homes and shops in Midleton, devastated by storms in October 2023, to pay for small flood barriers at the entrances to their properties.

RTENews T02024_OCT_18 One year on from Storm Babet floods that put Midleton under water

IRL_GOV T02024_OCT_04 Planning Route for Midleton Flood Relief Scheme and Individual Property Protection Scheme across Midleton and East Cork Announced

Climate change made the extreme
2-day rainfall event associated with
flooding in Midleton, Ireland more likely
and more intense 1.2 Event evolution
Heavy precipitation was recorded at the meteorological station at Roches Point, 13 km southwest of Midleton, on 17th of October with hourly values peaking above 10 mm (Figure 3). Increases in water level were recorded at the river gauge at Ballyedmond (gauge number 19020, Table 1 and Figure 4) at the outlet of the Owenacurra catchment late on the 17th, with waters returning to near normal levels overnight. Further heavy rainfall was recorded on the 18th. Water levels rose rapidly at the Ballyedmond river gauge on the 18th. Water levels peaked at 2.54 m above normal levels at 12:15 on the 18th based upon 15-minute resolution reports. These were the highest levels recorded at this gauge
since June 1977 when the record began, resulting in the damaging floods in Midleton .

WorldWeatherAttribution.org T02024_FEB_29 Climate change made the extreme rainfall associated with flooding in Midleton, Ireland more likely and more intense The storm brought extreme rainfall to southwestern Ireland leading to extreme river levels. At least 400 homes and 300 businesses were flooded with damage totaling roughly €200 million.

IrishTimes T02024_FEB_29 Climate change linked to extreme rainfall and Midleton flooding during Storm Babet, study finds

The Journal T02024_FEB_29 Midleton flooding was made twice as likely to occur by climate change

IRL_CK_Skibbereen_T02020_AUG_19 Storm Ellen Flooding

Met Eireann Report – Storm Ellen

TheSouthernStar Storm Ellen West Cork: 11 premises in Skibbereen badly flooded, Relief Scheme ‘not to blame’

IRL_CK_Midleton_T02015_DEC_29 Flooding

ARUP.com Developing a viable, cost-effective and sustainable flood relief scheme for Cork County Council “Following the severe flooding event of winter 2015/16, Arup was commissioned by Cork County Council to undertake an emergency review of the flood event.”

Midleton with 1 ‘d’ T2024_JAN_10 Even the ducks have flown – Midleton’s history of flooding.

IRL_Cork_T02015_DEC_04_05 Storm Desmond Shannon floods

Floodlist – Ireland – River Shannon Floods Affect at Least 6 Counties 14 Dec2015

IRL_Cork_T02009_NOV_20 Cork city floods

Ireland Fires
Ireland Volcano List

Zero (0) Active Volcanoes. Sol_Ert_T02023_APR_24_0900a

Israel

ISR

Israel Health

Israel Volcano List

Israel Health
Israel Volcano List

Zero (0) Active Volcanoes. Sol_Ert_T02023_APR_24_0900a

Italy

ITA

Italy Health

Italy Volcano List

Stromboli

Vesuvius

Marsilli Seamount

Mount Etna

Vulcano

Campei Flegrei

Toulouse Volcano Ash Advisories

Italy Health
Italy Volcano List
ITA – Campei Flegrei -Campi Flegrei – Phlegraean Fields
ITA – Mount Etna
Not working because??? Oh, because there’s something to see?
Zoomed to Mount Etna

GBR – BBC – Mount Etna

Instagram site with some amazing Mount Etna Volcano video and photos

0040am 15 November 2023 Italy UK Independent Mount Etna shoots lava into night sky amid eruption after months of calm Holly Patrick | 1 day ago

Mount Etna eruption 13 Aug 2023

Nasa Firms 15 Aug 2023

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/mount-etna-eruption-disrupts-sicilys-troubled-catania-airport-2023-08-14/

https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-66497094

https://www.euronews.com/video/2023/08/14/watch-sicilys-mount-etna-spews-fiery-lava-and-spits-ash

https://nypost.com/2023/08/15/italys-mount-etna-erupts-spewing-a-fountain-of-lava/

https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2023/aug/15/mount-etna-eruption-grounds-sicily-flights/

Mount Etna eruption 21 May 2023

Toulouse Volcano Ash Advisories

2225pm 21 May 2023 Italy Campi Flegrei M 2.0 earthquake. Eh, that’s just a little one. Yes, however it’s at 2km depth and the location is quite important.

0545am 23 May BBC – Mount Etna: Italian volcano erupts spewing ash onto Catania 14 hrs ago. Woops, someone forgot they had a Mount Etna page? That story is BBC Newsround?

https://youtube.com/watch?v=FqPtcmIwBxE%3Fversion%3D3%26rel%3D1%26showsearch%3D0%26showinfo%3D1%26iv_load_policy%3D1%26fs%3D1%26hl%3Den%26autohide%3D2%26wmode%3Dtransparent

Mount Etna eruption 2021 -2022

  1. BBC article
  2. Etna closes airport Feb 2022 DW article
  3. The Guardian Mount Etna erupts in spectacular fashion – in pictures Wed 17 Feb 2021
  4. Etna Geology.com article
  5. Daily Mail T02021_AUG_11 article “Italy’s biggest volcano just got even bigger! Mount Etna has risen by 100ft to a record 11,013ft following some 50 episodes of ash and lava belching from the mouth of the crater since mid-February.”
ITA – Vulcano
ITA – Stromboli
ITA – Vesuvius

Mount Vesuvius Eruption 1944

  1. Life.com article
  2. Geology.com article
ITA – Marsili – Marsili Seamount (Submarine volcano)

End of page Country List – I is for Isotope.