Volcanoes Lists and Glossary

Still working on it – this page started from old work – 10 December 2023

Volcanoes – Lists by Country (United Nations membership names)

 Colman’s Glossary of terms – Volcanoes

Global Volcanism Project – Current Eruptions

Sol Earth Volcanic Eruptions

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the Third Millennium T02000~02999

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the 21st Century T02000~02099

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the Second Millennium T01000~01999

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the 19th Century T01800~01899

Sol_Ert_T01800~01899 – VEI 07

Ert_VEI 07 IDN Indonesia
Mount Tambora (wiki)
Eruption (wiki)
Sol_Ert_T01815_APR_10

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the 18th Century T01700~01799

Sol_Ert_VEI_05 JPN Japan
Mount Fuji (wiki)
Hōei Eruption (wiki)
Sol_Ert_T01707_DEC_06

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the 17th Century T01600~01699

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the 16th Century T01500~01599

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the 15th Century T01400~01499

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the 14th Century T01300~01399AD

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the 13th Century T01200~01299AD

Sol Earth T01200~01299 – VEI_07

Sol_Ert_VEI_07 IDN Indonesia
Vol_Samalas Lombok Island
Sol_Ert_T01257
Google – Samalas Volcano
(wiki) Mount Rinjani – (wiki) Lake Segara Anak
Eruption (wiki) 1257 Samalas eruption
The 1257 CE cataclysmic eruption of Samalas volcano (Indonesia) revealed by indigenous written sources: Forgotten kingdoms, emergency response, and societal recovery Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research Volume 432, December 2022

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the First Millennium T00000~00999

Sol_Ert_VEI 05 ROMA
Mount Vesuvius (wiki)
Eruption Colmans
Eruption (wiki)
Sol_Ert_T00079_OCT

Largest Volcanic Eruptions of the BC 1st-5th Millenniums T-00000~04999

Sol_Ert_VEI 06 Minoa
Thera (Santorini) Island, Greece
Anchient Thera (wiki)
Eruption (wiki)
Sol_Ert_T-01600 (BC)

Colman’s Glossary of Terms – Volcanoes

Glossary A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – K – L – M – N

Glossary O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W – X – Y – Z

Volcanoes Glossary of Terms – Original Sources

USA – USGS Glossary of Volcanic terms

USA – PBS.org Glossary of Volcanic terms

A is for Apple – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Alert Systems – VolcanoLive.com John Seach – Volcano Warning Systems – Various Countries

• Chile – Volcano Alert System – Explanation page
• New Zealand – Volcanic Alert Levels
• USA – USGS National Volcano Early Warning System – monitoring volcanoes according to their threat By Volcano Hazards Program 

Aster Volcano Archive

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B is for Bear – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

BBC Science Focus.com Search Volcano

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C is for Calamity Jane – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Cataclysmic Volcanic Eruption
VEI Five (5)
Volume of erupted material
>1km^3

Catastrophic Volcanic Eruption
VEI Four (4)
Volume of erupted material
>0.1km^3

Central Andes

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D is for Disaster – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Deaths – Vulcanologists Journal of Applied Volcanology Table 7 Incidents in which volcanologists or field scientists died – Smithsonian Institute

Decade Volcanoes Wikipedia – List The Decade Volcanoes are 16 volcanoes identified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI) as being worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to densely populated areas.” They are named Decade Volcanoes because the project was initiated in the 1990s as part of the United Nations sponsored International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. Note: VolcanoCafe.org a relatively short lived website proposed in 2015 a New Decade Volcano Program: there is a list of their thoughts on the Worlds 10 most dangerous volcanoes there.

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E is for Emergency – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

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F is for Floor – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Fissure In geology, a fissure is a fracture or crack in rock along which there is a distinct separation; fissures are often filled with mineral-bearing materials. On volcanoes, a fissure is an elongate fracture or crack at the surface from which lava erupts. USGS

Fumaroles are vents from which volcanic gas escapes into the atmosphere. Fumaroles may occur along tiny cracks or long fissures, in chaotic clusters or fields, and on the surfaces of lava flows and thick deposits of pyroclastic flows. USGS

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G is for Guidance – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

GeoNames.org – Enter Volcano in the Search 1,072 volcanoes.

Geologic Time Scale – (USGS Diagram)

Geology of Ireland – IRL Geological Survey

To quote an Irish Tea Towel; I’m sorry the letter is so long, I didn’t have time to shorten it.

Would you prepare a lesson on … tomorrow?

Global Volcanism Project USA Smithsonian Institute List of all Volcano Sources by Country

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H is for Holocene – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

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I is for Indium – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, The (IUGG) is the international organization dedicated to advancing, promoting, and communicating knowledge of the Earth system, its space environment, and the dynamical processes causing change.

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J is for Jericho – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

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K is for Kilogram – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

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L is for Liberated – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Lahar A volcanic mud flow, normally from a crater lake or reservoir which burst from the top of the volcano (sometimes at high temperature) flooding the areas below the volcano with mud, the solid material being either the local pulverised local lavas and tephra and sometimes with locally deposited ash. (Colman’s definition). See: Advancing Earth and Space Science Blogosphere (Search: Lahar)

List of Tectonic Plates Sol_Ert_T02024 Diagram from GBR school text

List of all Volcano Sources by Country Global Volcanism Project Smithsonian Institute

List of LARGE Volcanic Eruptions – Wikipedia

List of World Volcanoes Volcanoes of the World | John Seach VolcanoLive.com

List of The 10 biggest Earthquakes in the world since 1900 – Volcano Discovery

List of places where Hex basalts are found. (Giants Causeway – columnar jointed volcanics, slow cooled, why? You seen Pele’s hair, annoying stuff isn’t it. Glass contracts on cooling.) Wikipedia

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M is for Mission – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Mega-colossal Volcanic Eruption – VEI EIGHT (8)
Volume of erupted material >1000km^3.

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N is for Not in my lifetime – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

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O is for Outer Space – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Outer Space Volcanoes Link to Space Volcanoes

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P is for Prehistoric – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Pele’s hair and Pele’s tears article Amusing Planet.com

Plate boundary (tectonic)

A line where two tectonic plates meet.

Pleistocene The Pleistocene (Ice Age) is the geological epoch that lasted from c. 2.58 million to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth’s most recent period of repeated glaciations. Wikipedia (definition USGS)

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Q is for Quaternity – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

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R is for Reserved – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Radar Interferometry Radar Interferometry is a technique which allows relatively small changes in heights of the land area to be interpreted using two separate radar pictures at different times, thus showing if the land has risen or fallen showing possible build up of magma or expansion/contraction of the underground rock due to heating/cooling. It can also show changes due to ground height movements caused by tectonic (earthquake) activity, ground water saturation and drying. Definition by Colman

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S is for Survival – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Space Volcanoes

Sulpher Dioxide (SO2) Windy.com Sol-Earth – SO2 map (It comes out of Volcanoes too. Colman) EPA Ireland Archive of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Monitoring Data EPA “””Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is formed when fuel (mainly coal, peat and oil) containing sulphur is burned at power plants and elsewhere. High concentrations of SO2 can result in temporary breathing impairment for asthmatics. SO2 is a major precursor to acid rain, which is associated with the acidification of soils, lakes, and streams and accelerated corrosion of buildings and monuments.””” UPDATE NEEDED (NASA) The gas is measured in Dobson Units (DU), the number of molecules in a square centimetre (column) of the atmosphere. If you were to compress all of the sulphur dioxide in a column of the atmosphere into a flat layer at standard temperature and pressure (0^o C and 1013.25 hPa), one Dobson Unit would be 0.01 millimetres thick and would contain 0.0285 grams of SO₂ per square meter. “””It is toxic to humans and concentrations as low as 8 ppm (parts per million) will produce coughing (NASA refers to http://mattson.creighton.edu/SO2/SO2_Info.html)”””

Super-Colossal Volcanic Eruption VEI SEVEN (7)
Volume of erupted material >100km^3.

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T is for Tertiary Adjunct – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Tephra – The solid stuff thrown out from a Volcano. Theoretically Trevor, Sean, and Hannah, in “Journey to the Centre of the Earth” (movie_2008) were tephra when thrown out of the volcano at the end of the movie. Skull ride final scene (3/3) //journey to the centre of earth. YouTube

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U is for Universal – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

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V is for Vector – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Volcano Live Dr John Seach – Volcano News, Adventure Travel, Photography, Film and Television Production. 38 years of volcano adventures. 23 years on the Internet 2000-2023. The world’s first volcano news and volcano travel website.

Volcanic Explosive Index (VEI) – (USGS Glossary definition and diagram) is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Christopher G. Newhall of the United States Geological Survey (USA – USGS) and Stephen Self in 1982. (Wikipedia)

Volcano

A landform that develops around a weakness in the Earth’s crust from which molten magma, volcanic rock, and gases are ejected or extruded. GBR School text Where’s the sea volcanoes?

A cone shaped mountain formed out of rock or ash thrown up from inside the earth, frequently with an opening or depression at the top. USA NASA Earthdata Definition From USGS T2024_SEP_09

Volcano Colman’s Definition T02024_SEP_09 – A geological feature where the heated or less dense solid, liquid or gaseous interior of a planet or moon is erupted, extruded, or vented over the body’s solid surface, sometimes forming a solid volcanic cone, vent, plateau or ridge.

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W is for Wednesday – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

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X is for Xylophone – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

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Y is for Yellowstone National Park – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

Yellowstone Caldera (Wikipedia) also called Yellowstone Supervolcano.

Yellowstone National Park USA National Park Service “On March 1, 1872, Yellowstone became the first national park for all to enjoy the unique hydrothermal and geologic features. Within Yellowstone’s 2.2 million acres, visitors have unparalleled opportunities to observe wildlife in an intact ecosystem, explore geothermal areas that contain about half the world’s active geysers, and view geologic wonders like the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River.”

Yellowstone Volcano Oregon State University “Yellowstone National Park rests in a huge caldera. It has been the location of three very large eruptions in the last two million years. The volume of lava erupted from the Yellowstone caldera during these events makes the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens look extremely small. Because of this, Yellowstone is considered to be one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the United States.” Submitted by admin on Wed, 08/31/2011 – 09:38

Yellowstone Volcano Observatory USA United States Geological Survey

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Z is for Zulu Dawn – Back to Volcanoes Glossary

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and thank you for flying Air-Colman.”
Its a P!nk joke.
Thank you for your attention. Colman